Why is specific gravity an important parameter in urine analysis?

Specific gravity is an important parameter in urine analysis because it reflects urine concentration and hydration status. It measures the density of urine compared to the density of water, providing crucial information about the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine. When the body is well-hydrated, urine tends to have a lower specific gravity, indicating that it is more diluted. Conversely, when a person is dehydrated or has conditions that cause increased concentration of urine, the specific gravity will be higher.

This parameter can help healthcare professionals assess a patient's fluid balance, kidney function, and potential dehydration or overhydration issues. Monitoring specific gravity can aid in diagnosing various conditions, such as diabetes insipidus or renal failure, depending on whether the urine is concentrated or diluted.

The other options do not accurately describe the role of specific gravity in urine analysis. While pH relates to the acidity or alkalinity of urine, it is not measured by specific gravity. The presence of glucose and indicators of infection would typically be assessed through other tests, such as dipstick analysis or microscopic examination, rather than specific gravity measurement.