Which cells in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) are typically smaller and round?

The renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) are recognized for their smaller and round morphology. These cells play a vital role in the reabsorption and secretion processes crucial for maintaining electrolyte balance and acid-base homeostasis in the body. RTE cells are specialized to handle the various substances filtered by the kidneys, allowing for the selective transport of ions and solutes based on the body's requirements.

The distinctive round shape of RTE cells in the DCT is an adaptation that supports their function. This contrasts with other cell types mentioned, which may have different structural characteristics and functions that do not align with the typical appearance of DCT cells. For example, transitional epithelial cells are more variable in shape and are primarily found in areas like the bladder, where they can stretch; squamous epithelial cells usually form flat layers and are predominant in areas involved in diffusion and protection, and cuboidal epithelial cells tend to be more prominent in areas of secretion like glands. Thus, RTE cells' morphology and function align closely with the unique needs of the distal convoluted tubule.