What type of cells are found in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is lined with specialized epithelial cells known as renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells. These cells play a crucial role in the reabsorption of water, ions, and nutrients from the filtrate that comes from the glomerulus. RTE cells have a unique structure that allows for the efficient reabsorption processes, including microvilli on their surface which increase the surface area for absorption.

When looking at urinary sediments, RTE cells can indeed resemble casts when they aggregate or are shed in certain conditions. This resemblance indicates that they originated from the proximal tubule, reflecting possible pathological changes. The presence of RTE cells in the sediment can be an indicator of renal damage or tubular dysfunction, making their identification clinically significant.

This distinct characteristic of RTE cells makes them the correct answer when considering the type of cells produced in the proximal convoluted tubule, emphasizing their role in both normal physiology and pathology of the kidneys.