What condition can be diagnosed if urine has a fruity odor?

A fruity odor in urine is most notably associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious complication often seen in individuals with diabetes. This condition arises when the body begins to break down fats instead of glucose for energy, leading to the production of ketones. As ketone levels rise, they can impart a distinctive sweet or fruity smell to the urine, indicative of the metabolic state.

In contrast, dehydration typically results in concentrated urine with a stronger odor due to increased solute concentration but does not specifically cause a fruity smell. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) may produce a foul or pungent odor, but they are not characterized by the fruity scent. Liver disease could affect urine color and odor but typically does not present with a fruity smell either. Therefore, the presence of a fruity odor is a critical clinical sign that can guide healthcare professionals toward diagnosing diabetic ketoacidosis.